SUPPORT REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA - COUNTRY INFO:
..... Caucasoid race is a term used in physical anthropology to refer to people falling within a certain range of anthropometric measurements. The concept of a "Caucasian race" or Varietas Caucasia was first proposed under those names by the German scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840). His studies based the classification of the Caucasian race primarily on skull features, which Blumenbach claimed were optimized by the Caucasian Peoples. Blumenbach writes:
"Caucasian variety - I have taken the name of this variety from Mount Caucasus, both because its neighbourhood, and especially its southern slope, produces the most beautiful race of men, I mean the Georgian; and because all physiological reasons converge to this, that in that region, if anywhere, it seems we ought with the greatest probability to place the autochthones of mankind".......
Discoveries in Dmanisi,Georgia are Transforming our View of Human Evolution:
http://www.rolexawards.com/laureates/laureate-82-lordkipanidze.html
2008 Georgia-Russia war:
Georgia All Alone in Standoff with Russia - Support Georgia's Independance !
FAQ: Read WHAT Russia did to Georgia in 90s: http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Georgia/RUSSIA%20VERSUS%20GEORGIA.htm
Abkhazia and South Ossetia - Russia's Never-Ending Game:
Nearly 15 years after the end of a bitter war that included ethnic cleansing
and genocide. Booklet is based on Malcolm Linton's photo documentary covering aftermath of bloody war in Abkhazia.
The ethnic Abkhazs (or Apsuas as they call themselves) in Abkhazia represented some 17% of total Abkhazia's population before the war began and local 350,000 Georgians were expelled from their homes. Currently there are some 70,000 Abkhazs living in the whole of Abkhazia. The picture is not much better in South Ossetia. There are mere 50,000 Ossetians living in entire region that barely make up some 48% of the province's whole population....
(MORE INFO: click to read...)
URGENT: UNITED NATIONS Briefings:
http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs//2008/080826_Georgia.doc.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7585182.stm
Seven of the world's leading industrialised nations have jointly condemned Russia's decision to recognise Georgia's breakaway regions.
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the US and UK said Moscow's recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia violated Georgia's integrity and sovereignty.
Earlier, the UK's foreign secretary said Western countries should re-examine their relations with Russia.
David Miliband also warned Russia not to start a new Cold War.
Speaking during a visit to Ukraine, Mr Miliband said Moscow had not reconciled itself with the new map of the region and that the West should should look at ways to reduce its dependence on Russian oil and gas.
COUNTRY INFO:
"Georgia - the Country of Golden Fleece"
...Situated at the strategically important crossroads where Europe meets Asia, Georgia has a unique and ancient cultural heritage, famous traditions of hospitality and cuisine and an alphabet which is entirely its own.
It also has a history of winemaking said to date back thousands of years.
Population: 5 million (UN, 2005)
Capital: Tbilisi
Area: 69,700 sq km (26,911 sq miles)
State language: Georgian
Major religion: Orthodox Christianity
Encyclopedia Britannica about Georgia/Sakartvelo:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-44318/Georgia
History > Origins of the Georgian nation:
"...Early in the 1st millennium BC, the ancestors of the Georgian nation emerge in the annals of Assyria and, later, of Urartu. Among these were the Diauhi (Diaeni) nation, ancestors of the Taokhoi, who later domiciled in the southwestern Georgian province of Tao, and the Kulkha, forerunners of the Colchians, who held sway over large territories at the eastern end of the Black Sea. The fabled wealth of Colchis became known quite early to the Greeks and found symbolic expression in the legend of Medea and the Golden Fleece...
In Greek mythology Colchis was the home of Medea and the destination of the Argonauts, a land of fabulous wealth and the domain of sorcery..."
- Encyclopedia Britannica ( http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-44320/Georgia )
...The world history counts not a few cases, when some nation, at a critical stage of its ethnic evolution, abandons its historical homeland, changes its values and priorities, the stereotypes which regulate the behaviour of the ethnos, picks up a new language or religion, and finally, undergoes either, a transformation of its initial ethnic culture or a complete assimilation.
Although, the Georgians faced many times the danger of loosing the features, determining their ethnic individuality, but - at the price of great sacrifice they still succeeded in preserving the major part of their homeland, mother-tongue and religion, due to the fact, that from the earliest stages of their history, they understood the role of the utmost militant alertness and the unyielding strive for liberty in order to save their own national identity...
History of Georgia
Two early Georgian kingdoms of late antiquity, known to ancient Greeks
and Romans as Iberia in the east of the country and Colchis
in the west, were among the first nations in the region to adopt Christianity
(in 337 AD, or in 319 AD as recent research suggests.). Ancient Greeks (Strabo,
Herodotus, Plutarch, Homer, etc.) and Romans (Titus Livius, Cornelius Tacitus,
etc.) referred to early eastern Georgians as Iberians (Iberoi in some
Greek sources) and western Georgians as Colchians.
Georgians call themselves Kartvelebi their land Sakartvelo
, and their language Kartuli .According to legend the ancestor of the
Kartvelian people was Kartlos, the great grandson of the Biblical Japheth. The
terms Georgia and Georgians appeared in Western Europe in numerous medieval
annals.The name has been mistakenly supposed to be derived from the country's
patron St. George.Some also believed that Georgia was so named by the Greeks
on account of its agricultural resources, since "Georgia" means "farming"
in Greek. However, the true origin of the name Georgia is still disputed.
In Greek Mythology, Colchis was the location of the Golden
Fleece sought by Jason and the Argonauts in Apollonius Rhodius' epic
tale Argonautica. The incorporation of the Golden Fleece into
the myth may have derived from the local practice of using fleeces to sift gold
dust from rivers. Known to its natives as Egrisi or Lazica, Colchis often saw
battles between the rival powers of Persia and the Byzantine Empire, both of
which managed to conquer Western Georgia from time to time. As a result, those
Kingdoms disintegrated into various feudal regions by the early Middle Ages.
This made it easy for Arabs to conquer Georgia in the 7th century. The rebellious
regions were liberated and united into a unified Georgian Kingdom at the beginning
of the 11th century. Starting in the 12th century AD, the rule of Georgia extended
over a significant part of the Southern Caucasus, including the northeastern
parts and almost the entire northern coast of what is now Turkey.
The Georgian Kingdom reached its zenith in the 12th to early 13th centuries.
This period has been widely termed as Georgia's Golden Age or Georgian Renaissance.
The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing
it with a unique national culture and a strong literary tradition based on the
Georgian language and alphabet. This has provided a strong sense of national
identity that has helped to preserve Georgian distinctiveness despite repeated
periods of foreign occupation and attempted assimilation...
CULTURE OF GEORGIA/Sakartvelo (Music,Art,Science,Famous Georgians
etc):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia
In the 330s Christianity was proclaimed the state religion of Georgia. This marked the beginning
of vigorous development of arts and letters. Members of the high society of Kartli and Egrisi
were well acquainted with the literature and philosophy of the East and the West. Among them
were eminent scholars-philosophers: Peter the Iberian and loané the Laz (5th cent.). Centers of
culture and enlightenment also existed in Georgia, some being of international significance. In
the 4th century a school of rhetoric and philosophy functioned not far from the town of Phasis
(modern Poti). Along with representatives of the local nobility students from abroad were also
taught at the school:
It was the alma mater of the famous Greek philosopher and rhetorician
Themistius who says that his father Eugenius had also learned wisdom at that school.
Joane Petrizi (12th century) - the most significant Georgian medieval
philosopher - devoted intensive work to neo-Platonic philosophy:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/joane-petrizi/
Modern Georgia: The Georgian Academy of Sciences unites the scientific-research institutions
of the Republic where the fundamental research in almost all main fields of
science is carried out. The Academy coordinates scientific research in Georgia
and develops relationship with the academies of foreign countries and other
scientific centers.
At present there are 65 academicians and 64 corresponding members working at
the Academy. The Georgian Academy of Sciences develops rich national scientific
traditions which the Georgian nation created in the course of centuries. It
is a well known fact that many centuries ago outstanding Georgian scholars made
brilliant translations and created original works in educational and scientific
centers well known in their times, such as the school of philosophy and rhetoric
in Colchis(Western Georgia) (4th c), the centers of spiritual culture in Palestine (5th
c.), Syria (6th c.), Greece (10th - 15th c.c.) and Bulgaria (11th c.) as well
academies of Gelati and Ikalto (11th-12th c.c.) in Georgia.
http://www.acnet.ge/index.html
Georgia is One of the birthplaces of Astronomy:
- Ancient artifacts found show astronomical and astrological signs inc. Zodiac
signs
- Zorats Kerer stonehenge, the first astronomical observatory, Ughtasar petroglyphs
are all approx. 7000 - 9000 years old.
Steel and Ironmongery:
- Georgian tribe Chalybi were first to discover and master steel and
iron.( In Greek steel is called: Chalybas)
Caucasus/Georgia is the birthplace of winemaking:
- Out of 2000 grape varieties, 500 are Georgian
- Indo-European word for wine (vino, wein etc) derives from Georgian 'Ghvino'.
- World's oldest wine grape seed, 7000 year old wine vessel, ancient artifacts
with wine motifs etc have been found in Georgia.
Georgian MUSIC:
Georgian national music is characterized by Polyphony, which distinguishes
it from its neighbors like Armenia. Georgian folk remains vibrant across
the country, while modern rock and pop also exists.
Georgian folk songs are often centered around feasts, where songs and toasts
to God, long life and other topics. Traditional feast songs include "Zamtari",
which is about winter and is sung to commemorate ancestors, and "Mravalzhamier",
a joyous hymn. Work songs are also widespread. The "Orovela", for example, is
a type of work song found in eastern Georgia with Armenian characteristics such
as a lack of polyphony.
Complex polyphony is distinctively Georgian, usually featuring a primarily
melody sung by the middle voice with supporting vocals often producing countermelodies.
Choirs are generally entirely male, though some female groups also exist; mixed-gender
choirs are rare. Kakheti in eastern Georgia has the most famous polyphonic vocal
traditions.
The drinking song "Chakrulo", featuring typically Kakhetian
voices, two intertwined soloists with dissonance, tensions and releases, was
chosen to accompany the Voyager spacecraft in 1977. Dissonance is prominent
in the west, in Mingrelia and Guria, which also features, high pitches and outrageous,
yodelling-like vocals called krimanchuli. Svaneti's traditions
are perhaps the oldest and most traditional due to the region's isolation. Svan
harmonies are irregular and angular, and the middle voice leads two supporting
vocals, all with a narrow range. The 20th century has seen professional choirs
achieve renown in Georgia, especially Anzor Erkomaishvili's Rustavi Choir.
Georgia is home to a form of urban music with sentimental, lovelorn lyrics,
as well as a more rough and crude urban music featuring clarinets, doli and
duduks.
"Georgian Legend" - The Best Folk/Music/Dance show in the
world !
Georgian Folk Dancing company were the only ones ever of its kind to perform at the great La Scala Milan. It beat all records having 3 encours and 14 curtian lifts:
http://georgianlegend.com
Georgian Theatre has a long history; it's oldest national form was the
"Sakhioba" (extant from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century
AD). The Georgian National Theatre was founded in 1791 in Tbilisi, by the writer,
dramatist and diplomat Giorgi Avalishvili (1769-1850). Its leading actors
were Dimitri Aleksi-Meskhishvili, David Machabeli, David Bagrationi, Dimitri
Cholokashvili and others.
Robert Sturua (born July 31, 1938) is a Georgian theater director, who
gained international acclaim for his original interpretation of the works of
Brecht, Shakespeare, Chekhov. He is based at the Shota Rustaveli
Dramatic Theater in Tbilisi, and has staged productions throghout the world.
More About Robert Sturua: http://www.rustavelitheatre.ge/dacheraze_eng.php?dasi_id=74
EASTERN PROMOTION:
Offering music since 1998, Eastern Promotion has promoted in the Caucasus region notable and highly acclaimed musicians including Ray Charles, James Brown, George Benson, Al Jarreau, Bobby McFerrin, Maceo Parker, The Manhattan Transfer, Take 6, Roy Ayers, Coolio, John McLaughlin, Joe Zawinul, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, Garry Barton, Jamiroquai, Shakira, Joe Cocker and others.
The company is owned by five enthusiasts and music aficionados who are dedicated to promoting world class music in the region, as well as promoting the best Georgian music and artists overseas. From private corporate events to festivals and large-scale concert, we provide exceptional organizational skills and services. In addition, we proudly maintain strong relations with most leading booking agencies worldwide.
Our experience dates back to the USSR's first annual Tbilisi Jazz Festival in 1978 and the Rock Festival of 1980, both of which were managed and organized by several of our members. Today Eastern Promotion is the largest organizer of jazz festivals in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc.
For almost a decade we have established and maintained a reputation as one of the most respected agencies for jazz, blues and other musical genres in the world.
http://www.easternpromotion.com/about.html
FAMOUS GEORGIANS:
http://www.geocities.com/famousgeorgians1/index.html
George Balanchine (original name: Georgy Melitonovich Balanchivadze)
was an American ballet choreographer of Georgian descent. Balanchine
is most influential choreographer of classical ballet in the United States
in the 20th century. His works, characterized by a cool neoclassicism, include
The Nutcracker (1954) and Don Quixote (1965), both pieces choreographed for
the New York City Ballet, of which he was a founder (1948).
His work formed a bridge between classical and modern ballet.
The George Balanchine Foundation:
http://balanchine.org/01/index.html
Aleksandr Porfiryevich Borodin (Gedeanishvili) - major Russian nationalist
Composer of the 19th century. He was also a scientist notable for his research
on aldehydes.
Borodin's father was a Georgian prince (Luka Semyonovich Gedeanishvili) . As
a boy he received a good education, including piano lessons, but he was eventually
to earn a doctorate in medicine at the Medico&150;Surgical Academy, the later
home to Ivan Pavlov, and to pursue a career in chemistry (just as his comrade
Cesar Cui would do in the field of military fortifications). As a result of
his work in chemistry and difficulties in his home-life, Borodin was not as
prolific in writing music as many of his contemporaries were -- hence his own
description of himself as a "Sunday composer." He died during a festive
ball, where he was participating with much vigor; he suddenly collapsed from
heart failure. He was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery,
in St. Petersburg, Russia.
read more:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9080770/Aleksandr-Borodin
Alexander Toradze
The Toradze studio have received
high praise for their contributions to the piano world, and has developed into
a worldwide touring ensemble that has gathered critical acclaim on an international
level. In the recent season the Studio appeared in Salzburg, New York, Rome,
Florence, Venice, Ravenna, Lisbon, Ruhr Festival, among others. Mr. Toradze
continuously appears with worlds leading orchestras such as Berlin Philharmonic,
Kirov Orchestra, La Scala Philharmonic, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Bayerische
Rundfunk Orchester, St. Petersburg Philharmonic, Orchestre National de France,
City of Birmingham Symphony, London's Symphony, Philharmonic and Philharmonia
Orchestras, NHK in Japan, Czech, Hungarian, Israel, Rotterdam, Warsaw Philharmonics,
the radio orchestras in Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden, Finland and Italy.
Columbia Artists Management about Toradze:
http://www.cami.com/?webid=503
Katie Melua's Fan Group !
Ketevan "Katie" Melua (born 16 September 1984) is a British-Georgian
singer, songwriter and musician.
She was born in the country of Georgia, but moved to Northern Ireland
at the age of eight and then relocated to England at the age of 14. Melua is
signed to the small Dramatico record label, under the management of songwriter
Mike Batt, and made her musical debut in 2003.
In 2006, she was the United Kingdom's biggest-selling female artist and
Europe's highest selling European female artist !!!
Join Her Fan Group: http://groups.myspace.com/KatieMeluaFan
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Prince Petr Bagration
http://www.russiatoday.com/Russia_Now/Russiapedia/BPetr_Bagration.html
Prince Petr Ivanovich Bagration (1765 – 1812) was among the most outstanding military leaders of the Russian Empire. A disciple of the legendary Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov, he was a symbol of Russian martial triumphs. Only a few contemporary commanders were as popular as General Peter Bagration. His military career was astonishing. During the thirty years of his army service, Bagration fought in 20 campaigns and almost 150 battles and minor skirmishs, successfully commanding at all unit levels.
Bagration descended from an ancient Georgian royal dynasty of Bagrations (Bagrationi in Georgian) coming from the Tao-Klarjeti region in the south-west Georgia. The Bagrationi actually governed Georgia for almost 900 years. Among Peter's ancestors one could find many monarchs and prominent statesmen. For example: the greatest of Georgian kings, David IV the Builder, who liberated the country from the Turk-Seljuks in 1121; legendary Empress Tamar, whose reign was called ‘the Golden Century' in Georgian history; King George VI the Brilliant, who liberated Georgia from the Mongols in the 1330s and restored Georgian monasteries in the Holy Land; Kings George VII, Bagrat V, Luarsab, Simon, and others, and, last but not least (as some genealogists believe), the great nomadic conqueror Timur (Tamerlan) who invaded Georgia eight times within 14 years in the XIVth century.
Unfortunately, little information is available about the early period of Bagration's life. was born in 1765 in Kizlyar (Dagestan, Northern Caucasus). His father, Ivan Bagrationi was a Colonel in the Russian army, but despite a great number of royal ancestors, the family didn't have any powerful patrons or money. Peter later recalled that his parents often told him stories of his ancestors and their heroic battles. Perhaps for this reason, he showed great interest in and a love for a military career. “With the milk of my mother, I have poured in myself a spirit of dash bravery,” Peter Bagration wrote later. In 1782, at the age of 17 he enlisted as a sergeant in the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment and thus began a military career spanning almost 30 years. He served for some years in the Caucasus, participating in the campaigns of 1783, 1784, 1785, and 1786. Having shown himself as a brave and courageous soldier, he prepared for the hardships of military life. Later he participated in the siege of Turkish fortress Ochakov (1788), and in the Polish campaign of 1794, being involved in the capture of Warsaw. He hadn't got any academic education and learned mainly from his experience in the field, consecutively passing all ranks from sergeant up to captain (1792), then second major, premier-major and lieutenant-colonel (1794). In 1798, he was promoted to colonel and by the next year he was a major-general. His merits were recognized by legendary Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov, whom he accompanied in the glorious Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799, winning particular distinction with the swift capture of the town of Brescia. Suvorov liked Bagration's ferocious battlefield style and grew fond of him, familiarly calling him ‘Prince Peter' (‘Knyaz Pyotra' as he pronounced) and always showed his respect and trust. Bagration was famed for remaining cool-headed in the most dangerous situations and for always taking calm, measured decisions; at the same time showing great personal bravery.
In the campaign against Napoleon in 1805 Bagration's achievements appeared even more brilliant. With a small rearguard he successfully resisted the repeated attacks of French forces outnumbering his own five-fold (Battle of Hollabrunn, November 16 1805), and though half his men fell, the retreat of the main army under Kutuzov was there by secured. At the famous battle at Austerlitz (December 2 1805) Bagration fought against the left wing of the French army commanded by Murat and Lannes. At the battles of Eylau (February 7 1807), Heilsberg (June 11 1807) and Friedland (June 14 1807) he fought with the most resolute and stubborn courage. For his actions at Friedland, Bagration was awarded a golden sword decorated with diamonds, with the inscription ‘For bravery'.
During the Russo-Swedish War of 1808, he commanded the 21st Division and successfully occupied southwestern Finland, including Abo. He defeated the Swedish landing near Abo in September 1808, and on March 15 1809 led the daring march across the frozen Gulf of Bothnia to occupy the Åland Islands which precipitated the coup d'etat in Stockholm.
The same year he was unexpectedly sent to a Russian army in Moldavia operating against Turkey. Some historians believe that this rapid transfer from Finland, where the war had just ended, to Moldavia, where it would last without results for three years, was, in effect, a sort of reprimand. The Royal Court in St. Petersburg did not wish to see him near the capital due to his alleged affair with the grand princess Ekaterina Pavlovna (a favourite sister of Emperor Alexander I), who was half as young as Bagration (she was born in 1788). As a result the princess was forced to marry Prince George of Oldenburg in April 1809, while Bagration after being promoted to a rank of General of Infantry was appointed deputy to Commander-in-Chief General Prozorovsky on July 13 1809. After Prozorovsky's death on August 21, he led the army and immediately launched an offensive southward, capturing the fortresses of Macin, Constanta, and Girsov and reaching Cavarna and Bazardjik. On September 16 1809, Bagration defeated the Turks at Rassevat and on September 22 besieged Silistra, forcing the Grand Vizier Yussuf to cancel his invasion of Serbia and Wallachia. Bagration halted a superior Turkish army at Tataritsa on October 22, but had to lift the siege of Silistra due to the lack of supplies and ammunition. He succeeded in seizing the strongholds of Ismail and Braila in late 1809. However, in March 1810 he resigned due to a disagreement with the Emperor on the overall strategy and for over a year he traveled in Austria and Russia arranging his private affairs.
During the 1812 Patriotic War Bagration commanded the 2nd Western Army which successfully eluded Napoleon's enveloping maneuvers and achieved minor victories at Mir and Romanovo. He outmaneuvered French Marshal Nicholas Davout at Moghilev and joined, despite extremely tense relations, with the other Russian army under Mikhail Barclay de Tolly at Smolensk on August 3. He was able to perceive Napoleon's plans and successfully defended Smolensk on August 15-16. His bitter opposition to the retreat conceding land for time finally led to the dismissal of Barclay de Tolly and the appointment of Mikhail Kutuzov as a Commander-in-Chief instead. On September 7, Bagration commanded the Russian left flank at the main battle at Borodino and fiercely defended the earthwork fortifications (later called ‘Bagration's fleches') against the French attacks. The French twice took control of the fleches and twice were driven away. During the second attack by the enemy, Bagration personally led his troops to the counter-attack and was wounded (the fourth time in his military career) by a shell splinter to his left leg. The wound became infected and he died on September 24, 1812 in the village of Simy (Vladimir region). He was buried at a local church but in August 1839 his remains were transferred to the Borodino battlefield and remain there to this day (although the grave had been blown up in World War II, it has since been restored).
Being of average height, thin, with wavy brunette hair, Bagration had the typical Georgian hooked nose that gave way to a number of witticisms and jokes. Once, his aide-de-camps Denis Davydov told him that an enemy is very close – already ‘on their nose'. Bagration calmly replied. ‘On whose nose? If mine, we have enough time to have a breakfast. If yours, we have to hurry!' He wasn't handsome, but the glory and reputation of Suvorov's disciple made a strong impression. Soldiers called him ‘The Eagle,' while among the general population he was known as ‘Bog-rati-on' (‘Bog [the God]-rati [army]-on [he is]' – The God of the Army.').
Bagration's family life, contrary to his career, was a complete failure. He was married to Yekaterina Pavlovna Skavronskaya, an outstanding beauty and a-lady-in-waiting of Empress Maria (the wife of Pavel I) in 1800. She became involved with Peter after his return from Italy and Switzerland, and Emperor Paul I, upon hearing about their relations, forced them to marry (he had a hobby of arranging weddings for his generals and courtiers). None of the two had serious feelings for another and the marriage proved to be a disaster. Catherine soon fled and spent most of time traveling throughout Europe. She finally settled in Vienna, where she was believed to act as a female «007» – a secret Russian agent both during the Napoleonic Wars and afterwards. She became a mistress to Austrian chancellor Clemens Metternich (he called her th Naked Angel) and gave birth to his daughter Clementine, whom Bagration, under pressure of Alexander I, declared to be his own (Alexander wanted to employ her as leverage for influence on Austrian foreign policy). Furthermore, Peter paid thousands of roubles for debts Catherine had accumulated from living in Vienna. It was not certain if it ruined his marriage or not, but Bagration was renowned for being a heavy gambler. Once he owed more than 80,000 roubles (an exorbitant sum in early XIXth century, when the price of a well-bred horse hardly exceeded 150 roubles) and was forced to sell his estates to cover the debts.
Bagration's name was widely known not only in Russia, but also well beyond its boundaries. Many outstanding military figures of Western Europe of that time regarded his talent highly. In the opinion of Polish General Kolachkovsky, one of the participants of 1812 campaign, Bagration ‘belonged to a number of the most famous military leaders of his time' and might be put in line with Napoleon, Suvorov, Kutuzov, Ney, Davout and many others. Napoleon himself considered Bagration to be the best general in the Russian army.
Over 130 years later Joseph Stalin chose Bagration as the name of the Soviet Union's summer 1944 offensive operation in Byelorussia which was extremely successful and shattered the military power of Nazi Germany.
PS: Orthodox Christians! JOIN NEW FORUM:
http://groups.myspace.com/OrthodoXrist
..The Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church is one of the world's most ancient
Christian Churches, founded in the 1st century by the Apostle Andrew...
MORE INFO ABOUT GEORGIA/SAKARTVELO:
TBILISI - Georgia's Capital Info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi
All Info about TBILISI & Modern Georgia:
http://info-tbilisi.com
st. Queen Tamar of Georgia = Georgia's Golden Age !
Georgians, Join her Myspace page:
http://groups.myspace.com/QueenTamarOfGeorgia
st. Shota Rustaveli's Fan Group & his Perfect Epic Poem "The
Man in the Panther's Skin"
http://groups.myspace.com/Rustaveli
Read "The Man in the Panther's Skin"
by Shot'ha Rust'haveli
translated by Marjory Scott Wardrop
Read Online Book:
http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/mps/index.htm
ECONOMY - Invest In Georgia:
"Georgia made the most extensive reforms,ranking as the top reformer
for the second year ina row...It is now as easy to comply with building regulations
in Tbilisi as it is in Hong Kong." - World Bank
More Info:
http://www.investingeorgia.org/
The Richest Georgians of the World
For the past 12 years the Georgian Times (Georgia Republic/Sakartvelo) has
been conducting an annual business rating to reveal the best companies and businessmen
of the year. This time we made up a top 80 rich Georgians of the planet on the
basis of the data provided by independent experts and famous businessmen (who
requested anonimity).
The capital of the wealthiest Georgians reflects the volume of assets and liabilities,
business and the market share that these people are holding.
The list of the richest Georgians of the world is being published for the first
time and may contain some minor inaccuracies which will be improved in the future, see the List:
http://geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=3190
TBILISI VIDEOs:
click below to see: Video Tour in central street of Tbilisi at the night:
http://www.hotels.ltd.ge/video-audio/video2.php
All about Otar Ioseliani &
Amazing GEORGIAN CINEMA :
http://www.geocinema.org.ge/eng/main.htm
One of the most acclaimed Italian film directors Federico Fellini was one of the admirers of the Georgian film: "Georgian film is a strange phenomenon, special, philosophically light, sophisticated and at the same time childishly pure and innocent. There is everything that can make me cry and I ought to say that it (my crying) is not an easy thing".
Nana Dzhordzhadze -
Nana was born in Tblisi, Georgia, then part of the Soviet Union. She studied architecture
in her home town and was an architect from 1968 to 1973. From 1974, she drew closer
to the movie world and studied cinema at the Tbilisi film school. She did several
jobs on the set (costumer, set designer, actress) but what she favored was film
direction and she made several films, often shorts, before winning the "Camera
d'Or" Award at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival. She is one of the leading
filmmakers of Georgia, alongside Otar Ioseliani.
More Info & Awards for "27 Missing Kisses" by Nana
Dzhordzhadze http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0246405/awards
Georgi Daneliya - is a Soviet/Russian film director of Georgian descent,
who became known throughout the Soviet Union for his sad comedies (as he styles
them), bittersweet as the life itself: http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0199381/bio
PS: Georgian beauty - Georgian beauty was famed since the ancient times:
- All harems were mostly composed of Georgian women
- Remarkable amount of literature has been dedicated to Georgian beauty by such
authors as G. Byron, I. Kant, J. Chardin, A. Dumas, P. Angelus etc
- Scientists like J F Blumenbach considered Georgians scientifically the perfect
prototype of white race, and all beauty should be compared to it.
----
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?????? ???????????, ???????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ? ????????. ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ?????, ??????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????, ? ??????? ??????????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. (?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????, ?????????, ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??. ? ??. ?????? ??????? ?????????.)
? ??????? ???????? ??????? (?????, ??????, ???????, ??????? ? ??.) ?? ????? ???. ??? ?? ?. ?. ???????? ????? ?????? ???????; ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????, ???????? ????????, ?????????, ?????????, ???????? ? ??. ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????????? ? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ?????? (428?348 ?? ?. ?.) ? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ? ???????? ????????? ?? ? ?? ?????????? ????????, ? ? ??????????-????????????? ????? (????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????????????, ? ??? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????????). ?????????? ??? ??????? (? ???????? 30 ???) ? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?? 35 ??? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????????? (384?322 ?? ?. ?.) ??????, ??? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? (??????????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ? ?? ????????) ? ??? ???????, ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????. ? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? (3 ?. ?? ?. ?.?5 ?. ?. ?.) ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????, ? ??????? ? ????? ? ??????????????? ????? ?????????, ?????????, ????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????.
?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ???? ???????? ?????, ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????????, ????????? ????????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ????. ? 11-12 ??. ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????????, ?? ? ??????????, ????, ??????????? (?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? - ???????, 11 ?.). ? 12-13 ??. ? ????????? ??????? ?????? (??????, ???????, ???????, ??????) ????? ????????? ????????????, ? 1348 ? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????, ????????????, ???????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? 5-6 ???.
? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???? (? ??????????? ????????) ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? (4 ?.), ? ????? ????????, ????????? ? 11-12 ??. (??????, ?????? ? ??.). ????????? ???????? (?????? ???????) ????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? - ? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ?????????, ??????????, ?????????, ??????????, ????????, ??????. ????? ????, ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????, ????????, ?????????????, ??????????????, ????????? ? ???????? ?????.
? 1632 ????????? ?????? ??????-?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????-??????????? ????????, ? ??????? ????????? ????., ???. ? ????. ?????, ????? ????????? ????????? (??????????, ????????, ??????????, ??????????, ?????????, ??????????, ??????) ? ??????????. ? 1687 ? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????-?????-????????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?. ?. ?????????, ?. ?. ????????????? ? ?. ?. ?????????.
????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????????? ???????. ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? (14 ?., ?????? ??????????? ? ??????, ? 16 ?.) ? ??????? ??????????, ????????, ?????????? (???????? ?? ?????, ?. ????????, ?. ??????, ?. ???????, ?. ??????, ?. ??????, ?. ???????), ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?. ???????.
???????? ? ????????-????????? ? ????????? ?? ???????, ????? ?????????????, ?. ?????, ?. ?????, ?. ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????, ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????????? ????????, ??????, ???????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????. ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???????, ?????????????; ? ?????? ? ????????, ??????, ?????? ? ??????????; ? ???????? ? ????????, ???????? ? ?.?. ????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????? (15 ?.). ? ????????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ???????, ????????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?. ?. ??????????, ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????, ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????.
? 17 ?. ???????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? (?? ???????, ??????, ????????), ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ? ????? ??????????? ? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????, ??????????, ?????????? ? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????????????.
???????? ???????, ???????????? ????, ???????????? ? ???????? ? ????? 17 ? ?????? 18 ??., ?????????? ??????????? ?????????-??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ? ??????. ? 1725 ? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????????. ?????????? ???? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?. ?. ?????????. ?? ????????? ???????? ????????-?????????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????????????, ??????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?? ??????-??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ? ???? ??????, ? ?????? ?????????, ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????. ? 1758 ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????. ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ??????????????? ?? 1-? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ??????, ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??????; ?? 2-? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????, ?? 3-? ? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ? ????? ??????.
? 1755 ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????. ?????????? ???????????? ?. ?. ?????????, ?. ?. ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????? ? ???????????.
??????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????? (? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????) ?? 2-? ???????? 18 ?. ? ??????, ? ????? ? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ? 1773 ? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? (???? ????????????? ?????? ????????), ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????. ? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ???????, ?????????, ?????????????? ?????????, ???????????, ???????????, ?????????, ?????, ????????, ??????, ???????????, ????????, ????????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ? ?????? 19 ?. ? ???? ???? ????????: ?????????????, ?????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?????, ???????? ? ???????, ???????? ? ??????? ???????, ?????????, ??????, ????????, ????????, ?????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ??., ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ???????.
??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ? 18 ?. ? ? 1-? ???????? 19 ?. ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?. ?. ???????????, ?. ?. ???????, ?. ?. ????????? ? ??????, ???????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????-??????????? ?. ?. ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????????, ???????????? ? ?????????????? ????. ??????? ????????? ?. ?. ???????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????, ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????, ? ? ???????? ????????? ????. ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????.
???????? ?????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????? 1861 ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????, ?? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????.
???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ? ?. ?. ??????????, ?. ?. ???????, ?. ?. ?????????????, ?. ?. ???????????, ?. ?. ????????, ? ????? ????? ?????????, ??? ?. ?. ??????????, ?. ?. ????????, ?. ?. ??????? ? ??., ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????-???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????
? 70-? ??. 19 ?. ??????, ??? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????: ? ??????, ??????, ?????????? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ?? ???????????, ? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???????????
?? ???????? ? ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? 19 ? ?????? 20 ??. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ???? ??????-?????????????? ?????, ? ?. ?. ???????????, ?. ?. ????????, ?. ?. ????????, ?. ?. ??????, ?. ?. ????, ?. ?. ???????, ?. ?. ?????????, ?. ?. ?????????, ?. ?. ?????, ?. ?. ?????????, ?. ?. ?????? ? ??. ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?. ?. ????????, ?. ?. ??????????, ?. ?. ???????, ?. ?. ???????, ?. ?. ??????????, ?. ?. ??????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????????, ??????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????? ? ????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? (? ??????????? ? 1876 ? ? ?????? ? 1900). ?. ?. ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?? ????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ?. ?. ????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????-????????????????? ? ????????? ???????. ? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????. ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ? ?????? ?????. ??????????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?. ?????? ? ?. ????????.
????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????, ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ?. ?. ????????????????? ????????? (????? ?. ?., ????. ????. ???., 5 ???., ?. 41, ?. 301). ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ??????????? ?. ?. ??????? (2 ???????? 1921) ????????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????.
????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???, ????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????-????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????????, ??????????????????. ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ???????????????? ????????, ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????, ??? ?????????????? ??????????, ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ?????????????. ? ????????????? ?? ??? (?) ?? 12 ?????? 1925 ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ? ?????????????? ???????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ???? ? ???. ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???????, ? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????.
????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? 19 ???????? 1932 ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??? ????????????.
???????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ???????????. ??? ?????? ?????, ? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??? "? ???????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????" ?? 2 ??????? 1918, ? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (???????), ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????
???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ? 1914/15 ??????? ???? ? ?????? (? ??????????? ????????) ????????? 127,4 ???. ???. ? 105 ?????, ? 1970 ? ????? 4,6 ???. ????????? ? 805 ?????. ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?? 10 ???. ???. ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????.
??? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ???????????? ??? ????? 20 ?????? 1924, ???????????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????, ???????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ? ??? ?. ?. ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. ? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????-?????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ???????????. ?? 1 ?????? 1970 ? ????? ???? 327,2 ???. ??????-?????????????? ??????????, ? ??? ????? 10,4 ???. ???????? ? 95,3 ???. ?????????? ????.....